Via Nieman, a survey of journalists in Austria has one interesting conclusion. It’s correct for USA, but I don’t know Austria so can’t judge if it’s correct there.
This paragraph is phrased in the alien language of journalists. It needs some translation into human thought patterns.
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Meanwhile, perceptions of professional autonomy often didn’t have an impact — except when it came to value frames. Journalists with more autonomy showed more alignment between their ideology and the value frames used in their stories. “The ability to select statements and viewpoints that align with their own values seems to depend on perceiving a corresponding level of editorial freedom,” the authors surmise. Journalists who said they had low autonomy produced stories that reflected less of their political orientation, even resulting in liberal journalists producing right-leaning stories.
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Translating: All journalists will write 100% DNC talking points unless they are FORCED BY LAW to tell the truth.
The Fairness Doctrine began when Herbert Hoover was in charge of radio in the 20s and became more formal and strict under FDR. The doctrine recognized that all journalists will lie unless forced to tell the truth. It worked until it was repealed in the 80s. Now all journalists lie because they have “autonomy”.
Polistra's Mill 